React初体验，从零搭建项目环境

项目环境

node: 10.16.2
npm：6.10.3

搭建环境

shell
# 初始化
npm init -y

安装webpack

shell
# 安装webpack、webpack-cli、以及webpack-dev-server用于热更新、html-webpack-plugin
npm i -D webpack webpack-cli webpack-dev-server html-webpack-plugin

安装react以及react-dom

shell
# react 专门创建组件和虚拟DOM、组件的生命周期
# react-dom 进行DOM操作
npm i react react-dom

安装babel相关

babel-loader需要注意一下版本

shell
npm i -D babel-loader@7.1.5 babel-core babel-preset-env babel-preset-stage-0 babel-preset-react babel-plugin-transform-runtime

安装样式相关

shell
npm i -D style-loader css-loader node-sass sass-loader

安装文件相关

shell
npm i -D url-loader file-loader

项目中还使用bootstrap，所以也要把boostrap先安装了

shell
npm i bootstrap

查看一下package.json，顺便添加一条scripts：

"dev": "webpack-dev-server --color --process"

json
{
  "name": "react_todo",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "webpack-dev-server --color --process"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "babel-core": "^6.26.3",
    "babel-loader": "^7.1.5",
    "babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.23.0",
    "babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1",
    "babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.24.1",
    "css-loader": "^3.4.2",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "node-sass": "^4.13.1",
    "sass-loader": "^8.0.2",
    "style-loader": "^1.1.3",
    "webpack": "^4.42.0",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.11",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.10.3"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^16.13.0",
    "react-dom": "^16.13.0"
  }
}

在目录下创建webpack.config.js抢建项目环境

js
const path = require('path'),
      HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');


module.exports = {
  mode: 'development',
  entry: './src/index.js',
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
    filename: 'index.js'
  },
  module: {
    'rules': [
      {
        test: /\.js|jsx$/,
        use: 'babel-loader',
        exclude: /node_modules/
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          { loader: 'style-loader' },
          { loader: 'css-loader' },
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.scss$/,
        use: [
          { loader: 'style-loader' },
          { loader: 'css-loader' },
          { loader: 'sass-loader' },
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.(ttf|woff|woff2|eot|svg)$/,
        use: 'url-loader'
      }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: path.join(__dirname, './src/index.html'),
      filename: 'index.html'
    })
  ],
  devServer: {
    contentBase: './dist',
    host: 'localhost',
    port: 8080
  },
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      '@': path.join(__dirname, './src')
    },
    extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', 'json']
  }
}

在项目根目录下创建.babelrc文件：

json
{
  "presets": ["env", "stage-0", "react"],
  "plugins": ["transform-runtime"]
}

在项目根目录下创建src文件夹，并在里面创建index.js与index.html

index.js

js
console.log('Hello React！');

index.html

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Todo</title>
  <!-- 页面用上了几个小图标，把font-awesome引进来 -->
  <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
  <div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>

在项目根目录下创建dist文件夹。

项目结构

shell
dist
node_modules
src
	index.js
	index.html
.babelrc
package-lock.json
package.json
webpack.config.js

在控制台运行npm run dev，测试项目是否能正常运行起来。

如果在浏览器中输入localhost:8080能够正常访问页面，那么项目的基本结构就算是搭建完成了。

项目介绍

效果

1-项目布局.jpg

源码地址

https://github.com/humandetail/react-todolist-demo

React

DOCTYPE - 文档声明的那些事儿

webpack常用命令